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Biology:生命科学概述

2015-03-30 14:50:04 阅读:

 

 



Biology:   (Bi:-all-ō-jē)生命科学 
 

 What is Biology?
什么是生命科学?

Biology is:

The natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms including their structure function growth origin evolution distribution and taxonomy.
生命科学是:
生命科学是研究生命现象以及生物体的结构,功能,生长,起源,进化,分布和分类的自然科学。

Biology is:
A vast subject containing many subdivisions topics and disciplines. Among the most important topics are five unifying principles that can be said to be the fundamental axioms of modern biology.
生命科学是:
生命科学涉及十分广泛学科分支,包含各种研究课题和研究方向。其中生命现象的五大共性是现代生物科学研究最重要的基础。


Attending Rema International’s A-Level Biology 101 course you will learn:

参加瑞玛国际A-Level生命科学课程,您可学到以下内容:

Characteristics of Life:
生命的特征

Explore the wide range of living organisms that inhabit the modern Earth. Give life a rigid definition to enable distinction between living and non-living entities. 
探究地球上的各种各样的生命物种。给生命明确的定义用以区分生命体和非生命体。

Five Unifying Principles of Life
    生命现象的五大共性

Foundation of Earth-d life Chemistry (Carbon) 
    地球生命的化学基础(碳)

Explore non-traditional life
    探究非传统定义的生命

 

Classification
生物的分类

Understand that all organisms belong to different ‘branches on the tree of life’. Explore the different branches and gain an in-depth knowledge of how modern biologists give order to the wide array of organisms currently in existence. 
所有生命都属于生命分类树上的一个分支。探究不同分支和了解生物学家如何对广泛存在的各种生物进行分类

Quick review of old / out-dated systems
    简要回顾旧的分类系统

Modern System (Kingdoms and Domains)
     现代分类系统(各种生物界)

Authorities
    权威专家

Globally Unique Identifiers for Names
    全球统一的命名系统

Brief look at Virus Classification Debate (pseudo-living)
    简要介绍病毒分类存在的争议(类生命体)

 


Cell Structure and Movement within Cells

细胞结构和细胞内物质的运动

Explore the cell in detail to understand its microscopic features. Understand how different structures within a cell enable various processes to be carried out. Study and understand the movement in and out of cells.
研究细胞内的显微结构特征,理解细胞内各种结构与其功能的相互适应。学习和理解细胞内外的物质运输。

Identify Major Parts of Cells
    识别细胞内各个重要组成部分

Difference between Plant and Animal Cells
    植物和动物细胞的区别

Identify Different Types of Cells
    识别不同类型的细胞

Roles of Different Cells
    不同细胞的功能

Diffusion
    扩散

Active Transport
    主动运输

Passive Transport
   被动运输

Osmosis
    渗透

 

Enzymes

Take an in-depth look at the composition and actions of enzymes in organisms. Understand why organisms need enzymes for essential daily activities and why they are key for life.

研究生物体内的酶的组成和作用方式。理解为什么生物日常活动离不开酶。理解为什么酶是生命的关键。

Function within organisms
    酶在生物中的作用

Biological Catalyst
    生物催化剂

Alterations in pH pH 
    值改变对酶的影响

'Lock and Key’ Model
  “钥匙和锁”的模型

Physical Appearance
    酶的物理特征

Uses in Pharma-Industry
    酶在制药工业中的应用


Nutrition

营养物质

Understand what organisms need in order to function in a proper manner (chemically and physically). Explore the needs of different types of organisms and explore how organisms are able to synthesize essential nutrients not found in their habitats.
理解生物需要什么物质来确保生物的(化学和物理)功能。探究不同生物种类的需求,以及生物是如何自身合成他们从居住生境中没法获得的基本营养物质。

Carbohydrates 
 糖类

Fats / Oils  
    脂肪/ 油

Proteins
    蛋白质

Starch Glycogen and other Simple Sugars  
    淀粉,糖原,以及其他简单的糖类

Amino Acids Fatty Acids and Glycerol
    氨基酸,脂肪酸和丙三醇

Vitamins and Minerals
    维生素和矿物质

Salts and Trace Elements
    盐类和微量元素

Fibre
    纤维

Plant Nutrition vs. Animal Nutrition
    植物的营养物质和动物的营养物质

Absorbtion
    营养的吸收

 

Respiration
呼吸

Explore the function of respiration and its impact on organisms. Understand the different methods and types of respiration and how it can influence organisms. Look at how gases are used within different organisms and how organisms are able to conduct complex gaseous chemical reactions.

探究呼吸功能以及呼吸对生物的影响。理解生物呼吸的不同方法和不同类型,以及呼吸是如何影响生物的。了解不同生物是如何利用气体的以及生物是如何进行复杂的气体化学反应的。

Biological Definition 
    呼吸的生物定义

Breakdown of Nutritious Molecules
    分解营养分子

Aerobic Respiration
    有氧呼吸

Anaerobic Respiration  
    无氧呼吸

Gaseous Exchange
    气体交换


Reproduction

繁殖

All organisms have a finite life-span thus the need to procreate is paramount. Explore the fundamental aspects of reproduction including physical organ (in plants and animals) and genetic inheritance.
所有生物都有有限的生命周期所以繁殖后代非常重要。探究繁殖系统基本要素包括的各个生理器官(植物的和动物的)以及基因遗传。

Asexual Reproduction
    无性繁殖

Sexual Reproduction (plants and animals)  
    有性繁殖(植物和动物)

Hormones
    激素

Birth Control / STD
    出生控制/STD

Genetic Traits  
    遗传特征

Mutations
    突变  

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